Chandra Wijayanto
ROME — The extreme heatwave sweeping across various parts of the world in 2026 poses a serious threat to the health of pregnant women, increasing the risk of dehydration and birth complications. Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, one of Italy's leading medical institutions, has issued a comprehensive guide to protect mothers and fetuses from the adverse effects of high temperatures.
Medical experts emphasize that pregnant women have a physiological condition that makes them more vulnerable to extreme temperatures. Hormonal changes and increased blood volume cause their bodies to lose fluids faster and make it more difficult to regulate internal temperature. Severe dehydration can trigger premature contractions, decreased blood flow to the placenta, and even premature labor.
Dr. Maria Rossi, head of the Obstetrics department at Gemelli, explained, "High temperatures can cause extreme peripheral vasodilation, leading to hypotension and dizziness in pregnant women. Additionally, dehydration reduces amniotic fluid volume and can negatively impact fetal development." This condition demands extra vigilance from expectant mothers.
In the "Decalogue for the Protection of Mother and Child" published by Gemelli, there are ten crucial points to follow. The first, and perhaps the most important, is maintaining optimal hydration. Pregnant women are advised to consume at least two to three liters of water daily, even if they do not feel excessively thirsty.
The next point highlights the importance of avoiding direct sunlight exposure, especially between 11:00 AM and 5:00 PM. Strenuous physical activity should be limited, and resting in a cool place becomes a priority. Loose, light-colored clothing made from natural materials like cotton is also highly recommended to help the body breathe and release heat.
Food intake also needs attention. Gemelli suggests a diet rich in fruits and vegetables with high water content, such as watermelon, melon, or cucumber. Heavy, fatty, and spicy foods should be avoided as they can increase metabolism and body heat production.
The guide also recommends regular cool showers or baths to help lower body temperature. Air conditioning should be used wisely, with temperatures not too extreme to avoid thermal shock when active outdoors.
Vigilance for signs of dehydration or heat exhaustion is also an integral part of this decalogue. Symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, severe headaches, and unusual contractions should be promptly addressed by contacting a doctor or the nearest healthcare facility.
The government, through the Ministry of Health, has intensified education campaigns regarding the dangers of heatwaves, especially for vulnerable groups. Minister of Health, Mr. Budi Santoso, at the beginning of the 2026 summer season, emphasized the importance of collaboration between medical institutions and the public.
"It is crucial for all of us to realize that climate change has a direct impact on public health. Pregnant women are one of the groups we must protect the most," said Minister Budi in a press conference in JAKARTA. He added that healthcare facilities are ready to provide support.
Nutrition experts also advise pregnant women not to hesitate to consume natural electrolytes if needed, especially if excessive sweating occurs. Coconut water or fresh fruit juice without added sugar can be a good alternative.
These simple preventive measures, if applied consistently, can significantly reduce the health risks posed by heatwaves. A cool environment and a regular lifestyle are key.
Families and the surrounding community are expected to actively participate in ensuring that pregnant women receive adequate attention and facilities. Social support is an important factor in maintaining their physical and mental well-being.
Increasing public awareness about the impact of extreme temperatures on reproductive health is imperative. Continuous education will empower communities to take proactive protective measures.
Although hot weather is a natural phenomenon, preparedness and adaptive responses can mitigate most of the existing risks. Gemelli's guide serves as a model for global public health practices in facing similar challenges in the future.
